26 July 2000 Active Labour Market Policy to Combat Long-term Unemployment Helmut MahringerOne pillar of the National Action Plan for Employment (NAP) focuses on active labour market measures, especially with regard to the long-term unemployed. Within the framework of Guideline 2, "New start for long-term unemployed adults", activities were introduced to prevent long-term unemployment, where possible even before its incipience. In order to encourage integration in the labour market of the long-term unemployed and persons at risk of being long-term unemployed, more emphasis is placed on the financing and implementation of employment and training schemes. The data on long-term unemployment offer a view that is positive at first glance, showing not just increased expenditure for an active labour market policy but also employment growth: the decline of unemployment starting in 1999 has had its greatest effect on the long-term unemployed. The average stock of persons unemployed for 6 to 12 months contracted by about 7,700 from 1998 to 1999 (21.9 percent), while the number of those unemployed for more than 12 months fell by almost 6,300 (16.3 percent) and annual average unemployment declined by 16,100 (6.8 percent). Women profited slightly more from the decrease than men; young unemployed profited substantially more than older unemployed. Yet there are clear indications that the problem of long-term exclusion from the labour market did not change in 1999 as much as would be expected from the reduction of the stock of registered long-term unemployed:
In order to reflect actual labour market problems in planning measures, it is necessary to take into account additional indicators of marginalisation in the labour market. The parameters used for this purpose point at the conclusion that the labour market policy tools used within the NAP have actually reached their target groups: long-term unemployed and persons at the verge of long-term unemployment. There are indications that unemployed people find jobs after training schemes, although the measures have not yet been found to act profoundly on the reintegration of long-term unemployed in the labour market in 1999. Some of the measures extended in 1999 were applied to a very broad base, i.e., not targeted specifically at particular groups, and offered a relatively low training intensity. Better targeting and intensifying of measures should help to improve the integration effects especially for the long-term unemployed. Vienna, 26 July 2000. For further information, please refer to Mr. Helmut Mahringer, phone (1) 798 26 01, ext. 405. This article will be published in WIFO's Austrian Economic Quarterly, 3/2000. |