Redistribution by the state in 2019 and developments between 2005 to 2019

Using an integrated data set, the project aims to empirically investigate the income situation of private households in 2019 before and after redistribution through government revenue and expenditure. Based on market incomes, the distributional effects of social contributions as well as direct and indirect taxes are examined on the revenue side of the public sector and, on the expenditure side, the social and welfare benefits in cash and in kind provided by the public sector in the areas of health, education, family, housing, unemployment, and means-tested minimum benefits as well as old-age benefits. The effects and the extent of redistribution as well as their impact on income inequality and poverty are analysed both over time and differentiated by household type. In addition, developments relevant to redistribution between 2005 and 2019 are examined.